Classification of electric motors electrical knowhow. Pdf comparative study of using different electric motors. Dc motors are also expensive relative to ac motors. And electric motors in some machine tools start and stop many times per minute. The motor or an electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention of electricity. Other types of definite duty motors include wash down. Thus all application of dc motors have employed a mechanical switch or commutator to turn the terminal current, which is constant or dc, into alternating current in the armature of the machine. Ultimately, motors are the interface between the electrical and mechanical systems of a facility. Brushless motors overview there are different types of brushless motors. The mechanical energy can be used to perform work such as rotating a pump impeller, fan, blower, driving a compressor, lifting materials etc. Types of ac motors classification and uses of alternating.
Classification of electric motors part two electrical. An electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. By motion control online marketing team posted 09062016. An electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into. Electric motors play an essential role in almost every industry. One of the fundamental elements of an electrical engineer is knowing about the different types of electric motors. Some are standardized versions for generalpurpose applications. Fundamentals, types and applications, fifth edition is intended primarily for nonspecialist users or students of electric motors and drives, but many researchers and specialist industrialists have also acknowledged its value in providing a clear understanding of the fundamentals.
Fundamentals, types and applications by austin hughes, william drury book free download. Generally, dc compound motor is a hybrid component of dc series and shunt motors. What is the working principle of an electric motor. The stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor is smaller in size. Different types of electric motors and their applications elprocus. Electric devices operating in explosive atmospheres increased safety e iec 600797 iec 600797 electric motors are of totally enclosed, fancooled blowover type. Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of. Among the four basic classification of motors mentioned above the dc motor as the name suggests, is the only one that is driven by direct current. The selection of these motors can be done based on the operation and voltage and applications. Singlephase twophase threephase the presentation will describe the basics of the threephase brushless motor because it is the most common version. Sep 15, 2019 an electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Motor design and, even more importantly, motor choice and use practices are an important area of potential energy conservation. Jul 01, 2019 ac and dc motors types of electric motors and applications bradley july 1, 2019.
This final thesis will mostly be dedicated to induction motors but also to synchronous permanent magnet and reluctance motors. Different types of electric actuators and its applications. When planning a motion control system, the choice of motor is extremely important. However, due to mechanical, as well as operational reasons, permanent magnets in synchronous machines are restricted to those with ratings much lower than large turbinedriven generators, which is the subject of this book. Different types of motors used in electric vehicles. Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factors affecting motor performance, rewinding and motor replacement issues, energy saving opportunities with energy efficient motors. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. Introduction to power electronic converters for motor drives. Basically, there are three types of electric motors, ac motors like synchronous and asynchronous motors, dc motors like brushed and brushless and special purpose motors. Ip 5 a ltef chemica processing, dirty duty, and washdown duty motors ip protection baldor enclosures summary of ip protection numbers baldor electric company p. The book explores all of the widelyused modern types of motor and. Those who are looking to enter an online or traditional electrical engineering program, or currently enrolled students, can use this post as a handy reference guide for studying the basics of dc and ac electric motors. This type of motor uses electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding to produce an electric current in the rotor and.
Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications, 4th ed. In this type of motor, both the fields like series and shunt are present. Thus the torque is proportional 2to i so it gives the highest torque per current ratio over all other dc motors. Motors electric motors, both ac and dc types, come in many shapes and sizes. Pdf electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and. Electrical motor types classification and history of motor. An electrical motor is a device that has brought about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering and technology ever since the invention. Nov 30, 2014 electric motors defined as electromechanical devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Its the most primitive version of the electric motor where rotating torque is produced due to flow of current through the conductor inside a magnetic field. The stator in the electric motor generates the field current which rotates in a stable speed based on the ac frequency. These two types of motors differ in how the rotor field excitation is supplied as follows. In this paper, different electric motors are studied and compared to see the benefits of each motor and the one that is more suitable to be used in the electric vehicle ev applications.
Basically, an electric actuator is one kind of gear motor which can be of various voltages and is the main torque producing component. Fundamentals, types and applications, fourth edition 20 458pp. Small electric motors are also inherently less e cient more like 50%. To stop extreme current draw, electric actuator motors are generally set with a thermal overload sensor fixed in the motor windings. There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications. For induction motors, there is no externallyapplied rotor excitation, and current is instead induced into the rotor. Electric motors and drives is intended for nonspecialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theorybased academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding. Index terms electric vehicles, electric motor drive, electric motors, fossil fuel, propulsion. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor s magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor s shaft.
Ac and dc motors types of electric motors and applications bradley july 1, 2019. Ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. Is the number of times per second the voltage changes its direction. The working of the synchronous motor mainly depends on the 3phase supply. Electric motors can be powered by direct current dc sources, such as from. Using the right type of motor with highquality parts and regular servicing keeps your facility running smoothly and prevents damage to the endpoint equipment due to wear or power surges. For motors used in gas and oil terminals, the casing must be of intrinsically safe, thus it may either have a enclosed casing or a pipe ventilated arrangement such that the sparks produced inside. Nema requires a manufacturers type, but there is no industry standard for what this is. A motor is nothing but an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Without electric motors, we would not have power tools, household appliances, or even cars. Electric motors and drives is intended for nonspecialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theorybased academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the. Dec 17, 2015 without electric motors, we would not have power tools, household appliances, or even cars.
It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors p. Electrical motor types classification and history of. For example, electric motors that run continuously in fans and blowers for hours or days may be selected on the basis of continuous load, but electric motors located in devices like automatically controlled compressors and pumps start a number of times per hour. Cooling is provided by fans blowing external air over the ribbed ou side surface cooling system ic 411 according to iec 600346 or en 60 0346. As we know, an electric motor plays a vital role in every sector of the industry, and also in a wide range of applications. For example, hvac motors are primarily designed for fans, centrifugal pumps, small tools, office equipment, and other light to medium duty applications. Senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering. Electric motors defined as electromechanical devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. A useful introduction to electric motors electrical. Its action is based on the principle that when a currentcarrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is give. Thus, this is all about the types of electric motor.
Thus, this is all about different types of electric motors. Hence, concluding with the classification of specific motor drives best suited for certain characteristics. Motor nameplate informationthe service factor on a motor nameplate indicates how much above the nameplate rating a motor can be continuously loaded. Therefore, dc machines are also called commutating machines. Therefore such motors are known as induction motors. Understanding motor nameplate information nema vs iec. Different types of electric motors and their applications. In most cases, the considerations can be extended to the other types.
There are a variety of types of electric motors are available in the market. Electric motors and drives is intended for non specialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theory based academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding. Motors available, to match it perfectly with the demand, it is highly essential to know about the different classifications of a. Ac motors ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. Below are some of the types of motors that may be encountered. Ok, lets take a short overview of twelve most basic motor types used for different industrial electric drives. It is true that single phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3. These are the more traditional type of motor and are typically used in costsensitive applications, where the control system is relatively simple, such as in consumer applications and more basic industrial equipment, these type of motors can be broken down as. Electric motors and drives is intended for non specialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theory based academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the. Electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. These types of motors have different outer cage arrangements, depending upon the usage or any special industrial requirement.
The type definition varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. It is true that single phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3phase motors but 3phase power is normally. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Dec 30, 2019 so these motors come built into the device. An induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. This article discusses an overview of types of electric motors which include dc motors, ac motors, and special purpose motors. This reading is a very brief introduction to four most basic types of electric motors. The types of ac motors mainly include synchronous, asynchronous, induction motor. The motor must align with the purpose and overall performance goals of the system.
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